As you sit down on the bus, you notice that John Locke, Edmund Burke Essay

As you plunk down on the transport, you notice that John Locke, Edmund Burke and Karl Marx are having a conversation about the best possible job - Essay Example Rather, John Locke in the conversation with the Edmund Burke and Karl Marx spins around an emphasis on pleasing disparate perspectives. John Locke, has confidence in the impression of good realities considered to bring about a solid political ramifications. In an attention on lenience, John Locke features on the division of state and the congregation since it isn't workable for the state to compel moral conduct (Norman 68). The partition, would prompt free discourse in view of people practicing free idea. The partition as indicated by Locke, should be total as far as the state just concentrating on common concernments. The force by the state as indicated by John Locke, should just concentrate on the outward power. In any case, religion gives an internal influence identified with individual’s mind. Then again, the state’s activities comparable to detainment, reallocating homes or torments can't control the internal judgment of individual’s world perspectives. Lock e emphasizes that, understanding reality needs a volitional collaboration among the real world and a person’s mind. Fundamentally, Locke in the conversation, declares the need to isolate the administration or state power and the brain. Furthermore since the volitional relationship just exist between one’s brain and the truth, at that point, it implies the political pioneers have no position to constrain their conclusions or contemplations on others (Norman 72). As clarified by John Locke, the state should exist to secure the privileges of its residents, however not to force open profound quality. As to common government, John Locke affirms that, the political force means the benefit of sanctioning laws that are upheld through a danger of power. In any case, it is difficult to give proof of a person’s right to political force because of one’s genealogy or family line. The arrangement of government through family or following a genealogy bring about a draco nian standard and thus, fuel common disorder(Norman 74). An elective methods is significant in picking political pioneers and should concentrate on comprehension men’s associations with each other before the foundation of a legislature. The relationship, should center the condition of nature since, inside a condition of nature, each man that have unrestrained choice or reason has an autonomous psyche and by suggestion, is likewise politically equivalent and free. Locke proposes that, being enriched with comparable resources and coinciding in a similar network of nature, at that point issues of subjection that bring about the decimation of each other, ought not exist. While differentiating individual’s state corresponding to nature, John Locke likewise features on the war that may emerge due to ignoring the law of nature. These condition of war, is a danger to the lives of people on whom it has been forced and brings about the need to practice self-preservation. Locke f urther recommends that, men regularly center in setting up a common society by intentionally, giving up their own entitlement to protect themselves against the built up open position. This regularly happens because of looking for a common security of individual’s freedoms and property (Norman 78). Thus, the laws identified with the state radiate from people agree to the foundation of an administration authority. As kept up by Locke, the suitable elements of the law includes building up , however not constraining individual opportunity since, the state doesn't exist to restrict opportunities identified with the sound

Atomic Bombing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear Bombing - Essay Example The results of atomic fighting were at that point predicted, and actually, at the highest point of its official voice that was openly circulated, amidst the warmed issue of race for atomic combat hardware the US detested potential obliterations that might be brought by atomic besieging to individuals, nation and the whole world. In spite of this, the US despite everything stayed to subtly start logical analysts that would possibly prepare for better comprehension of the nuclear bombs. Its genuine shelling utilizing this atomic weapon in Japan had in the long run demonstrated to assist it with winning its war with this nation. In any case, it is obvious that it basically coordinated a move that was somewhat opposing to its own open explanation in accordance with its remain on atomic fighting and even on the simple issue on the race for atomic deadly implements with the Soviet Union and different pieces of the world. Now, it is critical to evaluate such mystery included related with th e production of nuclear bombs before the real back to back bombarding in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Privileged insights lab considers relating to nuclear bombs somehow could be a type of selling out of open trust with respect to the US. In this manner, it could be strikingly seen that the craving of the US to arrive at its serious edge over the different appears reproduced in the bone. The purpose of keeping the entire thing about nuclear bomb investigation mystery from the world suggests there must be something the US concocted to accomplish later on. Truth be told, this arrangement was in the long run unveiled when Japan was shocked and shivered at the likelihood that the US inevitably made atomic combat hardware, enough to pulverize the whole world. The general purpose is presently clear, and there were two potential things that the US just needed to share

Shabanu Essay :: essays research papers

Shabanu Essay In the novel Shabanu, by Suzanne Fisher Staples, ladies are depicted in two particular ways: devoted and defiant. The submissive ladies would incorporate Phulan, Mama, and Auntie. Defiant ladies would comprise of Sharma, Fatima, and, obviously, Shabanu. The hero Shabanu, depicts herself as a defiant lady. Shabanu continually defies her dad. In the start of the novel, Shabanu endeavors to recover her camel Mithoo so he won't be hurt by Tipu, another camel. Dadi reveals to her No multiple times however she demands. Dadi is angry, ?Don?t ever resist me? (27). Dadi shakes her so hard that her head flies back and fourth. Shabanu returns home and keeping in mind that she is making chapaties Auntie says to her, ?Shabanu, you are wild as the breeze, you should figure out how to comply. Otherwise?I am apprehensive for you? (28). Another case of Shabanu?s insubordination is the point at which she tosses water on the landowner. Nazir Muhammad and his men express the need to ?guarantee? Shabanu and her sister, Phulan. Shabanu gets disturbed and chooses to toss her head forward, causing the water container on her head to overflow the dike and Nazir Muhammad. Sharma, Shabanu?s auntie, is an exceptionally insubordinate lady also. Sharma is depicted as striking, ?Most men don?t like her and fear her? (98). Sharma thinks about Shabanu and attempts to pay special mind to her. In spite of the fact that Sharma had no aims of causing Shabanu peril, she offered her some extremely risky guidance. ?You attempt to satisfy him so he can?t uncovered to be away from you a solitary second. In the event that he treats you gravely, come remain with us? (209). Aunt, dissimilar to Sharma and Shabanu, depicts a faithful lady, with ethics. Aunt is customary, and frequently censures Mama for having no children in the family. ?On the off chance that God had favored you with children, we wouldn?t need to break our fingers over wedding dresses? (3). Aunt looks down on Shabanu for being ?kid like?. ?A youngster shouldn?t go with her crown revealed. You?re too old to even think about acting like a kid? (33). Mother is submissive too. Mother slaps Shabanu as an outcome to non-customary perspectives. Mom acknowledges that Dadi deals with the ?masculine? issues, for example, the selling of the camels. Being the man, Dadi additionally deals with the perilous circumstances, such as getting grandpa after the dust storm.

Communication Plan Brief Program Background,Business Goals - 4400 Words

Communication Plan: Brief Program Background, Business Goals (Term Paper Sample) Content: Communication PlanName:Institutional Affiliation:Executive SummaryThis paper focuses on the creation of an efficient communication plan for AB Company that will enable it to move from its current state as a Hierarchical Organizational Culture to an Innovative Organizational Culture. The communication plan will thus enable the company to solve the internal issues existing within it therefore enabling the management and the employees to have increased levels of innovation. This increase in innovation will then lead to an augmentation of the market share held by the company, thus making the company more competitive and profitable. The communication plan will be dictated by the various objectives of the company and its stakeholders. It will also be influenced by the knowledge and attitude needs of the various stakeholder groups associated with the company as well as the desired outcomes. The formulation of the communications plan will be objective as it will be created fr om the analysis of data gathered from the various stakeholders of the firm.Brief Program BackgroundCurrently, AB Company is experiencing a decreased level of market share. This has been attributed to the decreased levels of innovation observed on the management and the employees. The company believes that the cause of the decreased innovation is due to unresolved internal issues within the company. This means that the five organizational concepts namely: the organizational culture, organizational climate, organizational effectiveness, organizational mission and the product outcomes are not in alignment. To change this, the company needs to move from the hierarchical organizational culture to an innovative organizational culture. This is because the innovative organizational culture is aligned to what the organization hopes to achieve in the long run which is to produce innovative goods for the clients. The implementation of this culture through an effective communication plan will e nable the employees to be creative since the innovative organizational culture allows the employees to be entrepreneurial, innovative, flexible and visionary in their work. They are encouraged to take risks and collaboration exists between the management and the employees. This culture will create an enabling organizational climate for the staff members to be innovative thus producing highly innovative products and services. The current hierarchical organizational culture is stifling innovation because it requires the management to control the employees to such an extent that there is timeliness, uniformity and consistency in the production process. It ensures that there is a predictability of employee behavior. There is the practice of risk aversion, poor cooperation and collaboration as well as inefficient communication. Employees are encouraged to follow the laid procedures to ensure the stability of this culture. As a result of this, the hierarchical organizational culture does not allow the employees to behave in a manner that result into innovation and it is therefore important for the firm to change within a set period of six months.Business GoalsBusiness Goal (Outcomes) What to measure How to measure Increase in Profits Amount of sales in comparison to the expenses Measured through the Net Profit Margin Ratio which is Profit/sales*100In comparison to the margin of the previous period Increase in Market Share What to measure is the number of customers who prefer to buy from the company within the market Measured by conducting market surveys to determine the market share held by the company in comparison to the previous period and in comparison to other players within the same industry Increase in Innovation Ability of the company to provide the most innovative goods to customers on the market in their industrial niche Measured by conducting surveys on a sample size of the customers. Efficient flow of information Employees ability to be aware of what is going on in the organization Measured through the use of qualitative data obtained through informal interviews Improved employee morale The capacity of employees to maintain a belief in the institution Measured by collecting data through surveys to determine the levels of employee morale High level of employee engagement Commitment of the staff members to the roles allocated to them Administer a survey to measure the level of commitment of the employees to the tasks allocated to them Achieve a good level of job satisfaction amongst the staff members Employees level of fulfillment in carrying out the tasks allocated to them Measured by conducting a survey on the feelings of job satisfaction amongst the various staff members Low stress levels Employees stress levels while undertaking their work Administering a survey to determine how stressed the employees are in their work environment so as to make the rightful changes Readiness for change Employees ability to respond positively to s ystem changes within the firm Measured by employees ability to understand and embrace changes made within the organization with a minimum amount of resistance. The main business objectives for the firm include the increase of company profits. This increase will be informed by an increased level of innovation by the firm. In return, customers will buy more from the company thus increasing the profitability levels of the company. Additionally, the company seeks to increase the market share it holds within the industry. To attain this, the company needs to satisfy the customers better through better innovation. This way, the customers will prefer to buy the firms products as compared to the other brands existing within the same market. Currently, the company is having a decreased market share due to diminished innovation attributed to the restrictive nature of the hierarchical organizational culture in place. The implementation of the favorable innovative organizational culture is boun d to increase the market share held by the firm.The company also aims at achieving an efficient flow of information in the organization. This means that managers share information amongst themselves and with the employees. On the other hand, the employees share information amongst themselves and with the management of the day efficiently. This efficient communication is bound to result into more innovation due to the sharing of ideas and the fact that the employees are constantly informed on what the organization expects of them. This differs from what currently exists in the organization which is the limited flow of information in the organization as a result of the hierarchical organizational culture.Moreover, the company also hopes to achieve an increased level of employee morale. This means that the employees are motivated to carry out their work. Motivation stems from many factors such as having an enabling organizational climate in which the staff members are given autonomy an d support while carrying out the tasks allocated to them. This climate is facilitated by the implementation of the innovative organizational culture as opposed to the current hierarchical organizational culture.In addition to this, the organization also hopes to achieve a high level of employee engagement. This is the level at which the employees are involved in the decision making processes of the firm. As such, the employees are more aware of what is going on in the organization. They feel included in the running of the firm and their output is likely to increase because decisions have not been imposed on them. Rather, they took part in the making of those decisions affecting them. The current organizational culture does not support a high level of employee engagement because it focuses on controlling the employees to achieve stability and consistency. However, the innovative organizational culture encourages employees to give their contribution regarding the running of the organi zation. As such, it is important to move from the hierarchical organizational culture to the innovative organizational culture to achieve the business objective of increased employee engagement.Another business objective of the firm is to achieve a high level of job satisfaction amongst the employees. This refers to how the employees feel and think about their job. The firm aims at creating an organizational climate that enables the employees to have positive feelings when they think about their duties or when they engage in activities related to their jobs. Moreover, AB Company aims at reducing the amount of stress levels experienced by the employees. This can be done effectively by providing the employees with the support they need to carry out their tasks. This ensures that the demands of the job do not exceed the employees capacities or available resources.Stakeholder Objectives and Analysis * Stakeholder Behavioral Objectives * ManagementBased on the data obtained from the surv ey, there are three key areas in which the management needs to work on for innovation to improve. The goal of the management is to increase the level of innovation within the firm. The first of these innovation drivers is the support for risk taking by management. Employees rated the favorability of this factor to be at a meager 23% while management rated it at 53% favorability. This is below par and it needs to be improved for innovation to occur. To do this, the management needs to uptake the innovative organizational culture as compared to the hierar...

Workforce Diversity - 1507 Words

I. INTRODUCTION Workforce diversity addresses differences among people within an organization. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people from different categories. Diversity refers to the co-existence of employees from various socio-cultural backgrounds within the company. Diversity includes cultural factors such as race, gender, age, colour, physical ability, ethnicity, education, language, lifestyle, beliefs, economic status, etc. Diversity requires a type of organizational culture in which each employee can pursue his or her career aspirations without being inhibited by gender, race, nationality, religion, or other factors that are irrelevant to performance. Managing diversity means†¦show more content†¦And this in turn helps to promote fair opportunities in the field of employment and vocational training. Another benefit is enrichment of organizational human capital; managing a diverse workforce entails a minimization of cloning that is preventing the production of an exact copy in selection and promotion. This leads to a wider range of ideas and abilities, offering greater scope for innovation and competitive performance in the future therefore enriching an organizations human capital. III. MANAGEMENT OF DIVERSE WORKFORCE Companies can succeed at diversity if the initiative to create, manage and value the diverse workforce has the full support of the top management. The following are the conditions which would make workforce diversity a success in any organisation: 1. The organization should assign this work to a senior manager. The organization should link concerns for diversity to human resource management decisions around recruitment, selection, placement, succession planning, performance management, and rewards. 2. The organization should create such a working environment as will increase the motivation, satisfaction, and commitment of diverse people. 3. Performance standards must be clearly and objectively established, effectively communicated, and used on objective criteria without any bias. Identify desirable and undesirable behaviors that must be based uponShow MoreRelatedWorkforce Diversity1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 21st century, workforce diversity has become an essential business concern. In the so-called information age, the greatest assets of most companies are now on two feet (or a set of wheels). Undeniably, there is a talent war raging. No company can afford to unnecessarily restrict its ability to attract and retain the very best employees available. Generally speaking, the term â€Å"Workforce Diversity† refers to policies and practices that seek to include people within a workforce who are consideredRead MoreThe Diversity Of The Workforce1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent races and cultures. This then leads to our workforce where you see that same type of diverse culture entering the workforce in the communities they live in and the ones around them. Our workforce hasn’t only changed to multicultural, it also has more and more woman as well.. If we look back 50 years you see that woman and individuals with a race other than caucasian had a very hard time finding a place where they would be welcomed in the workforce. Today woman, our international population, andRead MoreHow Cultural Diversity Is Changing The Workforce. In Today’S1196 Words   |  5 PagesHow Cultural Diversity Is Changing the Workforce In today’s society there are many culturally diverse people in the workforce. Most organizations can no longer make the assumption that every employee has similar beliefs or expectations. When entering into the global marketplace, people are considered one of the most valuable resources to an organization’s success. A well-managed culturally diverse workforce has the potential to thrive if managed correctly; or if mismanaged, there can be devastatingRead MoreLeadership Initiative : Workforce Diversity Management996 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Initiative in Workforce Diversity Management The authority of an association is tasked with the obligation of starting and driving the association s elements, cultivating productive practices and guaranteeing that their approaches and practices bolster the association s vision while being receptive to change. In overseeing various workforce, the leaders have to communicate. The changing workforce is one of the difficulties confronted by associations in the later past and most organizationsRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of The Workforce895 Words   |  4 PagesCompanies have had to conform to what is known today in society. Diversity in the workforce includes a couple of different aspects. Companies must recruit, train, promote and utilize employees whom are diverse (Bateman, 2013, p. 204). Diverse being individuals who have a different ethnic backgrounds, different beliefs, different cultures, and different abilities. Diversity includes women and minorities, but also utilizing each of the individual employee’s abiliti es to help make the company more effectiveRead MoreDiversity Within A Workforce Diversity894 Words   |  4 Pagespromote workforce diversity through different initiatives. Some organizations have started reaping the benefits of employees’ diversity at their workplaces. Some public and private organizations have promoted women and minorities to leadership positions, which was rear in the past. Despite the advantages diversity brings in various organizations and the initiatives taken by organizations to promote it, implementing it poses challenges in different organizations. Initiatives to promote diversity TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Diversity On Workforce Diversity Essay1993 Words   |  8 PagesCapitalising on Workforce diversity is the aim of most organisations today. However, workforce diversity presents both opportunities and challenges in organisations as ideas and practices from different backgrounds combine together, sometimes causing challenges such as communication and benefits such as productivity and creativity. This essay will further analyse the opportunities and challenges that are present in today’s organisations due to workforce diversity. Understanding workforce diversity is crucialRead MoreEssay on Diversity in the Workforce1581 Words   |  7 Pagesto create a diverse workforce not to have the best staff, but also the right mix of cultures as companies expand globally. Diversity is a collection of many attributes that a person, group or culture has, and how they interact together offering these individuals strength to grow a company’s business. As companies grow globally they need to pay special attention to how they market their business, offer their services in different parts of the world and having a diverse workforce helps meet those demandsRead MoreThe Diversity Of A Multicultural Workforce1151 Words   |  5 PagesAs for Google it is known for have a multicultural workforce however they lack on the amount of women working at google one of the reasons for this is they nature of the business, technology most women are actually not interested in technology jobs so it more prominently dominated by male s. For this reason it more likely for the best candidates to be male as to there is more of them. However Google is using the diversity management to attract more employees from and develop the world’s most talentedRead MoreThe Diversity Of A Diverse Workforce2007 Words   |  9 Pages Diversity management is extremely important and must be an ongoing process within all levels of an organization. Diverse work groups often have better and more ideas because of their wide-ranging backgrounds and experiences. Also, companies with a diverse work force that operate globally may perform better. While working in a group people need to have a common way of communicating and accomplishing task. If the group members do not get along then the group is likely going to suffer. Diversity in

A Brief Biography of Ted Bundy - 1198 Words

Terror shocked the United States during the 1970s. More and more women students suddenly vanished. During a search for the serial killer, investigators could not seem to find a link to the person doing all these terrible acts. The similarities of the victims showed that someone smart was behind these events. However, when he was caught, America learned that not every serial killer fits a certain profile. Ted Bundy, a man known to many as very smart and interesting, spread his terror throughout the United States by targeting and murdering young women; using the process perspective, it was determined that his confusing and horrible upbringing as a youth influenced his future behavior as a mass murderer. He became one of Americas most†¦show more content†¦He once didnt know what made people want to be friends with him. He would look at his family situations and the way they handled things and thought maybe aggression was a way to solve problems. Lifestyle theory could also p lay a part in teds adventure as a serial killer because he didn’t really have a functional relationship with his family members besides his grandparents. He couldn’t really be with them the way he wanted to due to constant moving around. Although people liked Ted and didn’t see anything out of the norm with him he was actually never really normal mentally due to the lifestyle and upbringing he had. Ted Bundy is classified as a serial killer. Over a span of three years, Bundy took the lives of a countless number of people; a number that Bundy has taken to his grave. Various Bundy experts believe he may have started his killings in his early teenage life. While he was a teen a twelve-year-old neighbor disappeared from her house and it was suspected that Bundy was the cause Tedd first victim was 18-year-old Joni Lenz. Joni was a student at the University of Washington. While Joni was asleep, Bundy entered her home and beat her with a crowbar. Bundy then removed a bed rod from janays bed and rammed it into her vagina. Joni was found lying in a pool of blood suffering from a coma. She was rushed to the hospital in a Comatose State. Joni survived theShow MoreRelatedReview : Strange Questions On The Psychopath Test 719 Words   |  3 PagesVincent DeLaurentis Speech 100A April 27, 2015 Professor Priebe Jon Ronson: Strange Answers to the Psychopath Test Mr. Ronson starts out with a brief story. He was visiting a friend, and sitting there was a DSM Manual. This is the book of all mental disorders. Currently it has 374 disorders. He then goes into talking about the disorders he has. This of course was all in a joking manner. He then talks about scientologist and how they can disprove psychiatry by meeting a man named Tony in Broadmoor

Poetry Analysis/ Practical Criticism Auto Wreck Essay Example For Students

Poetry Analysis/ Practical Criticism Auto Wreck Essay In Auto Wreck, as the title insinuates it, is a situation that describes a car accident that takes place in a city, which means, that an ambulance, a hospital, the police, and the crowd are the main actors when death is about to strike. In the development of the poem, Shapiro describes the atmosphere that surrounds a city at night when there is a car accident; Blood all over the streets and gutters, the police covering the situation and the crowd observing the tragic accident, recalling death as enemy. In a very interesting way, Shapiro describes the hurry, horror, and in a certain way, indifference of society towards an auto wreck, idealizing a space were these actors interact with one another creating a hostile atmosphere regarding death. In Mid-term break, the speaker is a boy that is at school in his daily routine, when it is interrupted by the news of his dead brother. The situation takes place in two atmospheres; the kids school were he heard the knelling bells that gives a feeling of mortality and his house were all the action takes place; the familys grief, the funeral, the adults whispering and saying sorry, the ambulance, the four foot box, and the candles. An afternoon of sorrow and pain on a family environment, were death is perpetually present. Yet no one fully understands death. In Shapiro poem Auto Wreck, he illustrates the irrationality of life for it can be taken away at any given time for no rational reason. He uses a car accident to finely detail the reaction of society towards death and the real meaning that it represents to us. During the poem, he describes how a well established system that is made of ambulances, hospitals, police men and viewers, works at its given time to strike death. But despite all the efforts and effectiveness of the system, people themselves are incapable of understanding death and its dualities (cancer that is both a flower that blooms and a tragic disease. ) Society is scared and ignorant when it comes to death. Questions such as Who shall die? or Who is innocent? come to mind with no reasonable answer every time we witness a tragic event. For Shapiro, In death, there exists firmly irrational causes for the loss of life. Death is a strange Jungle, whose twisted, complicated and entangled vines represent the causes of it which can not be mapped out mathematically, but can be mapped out by the deranged explorer or the unique creator of that Jungle, both of whom are irrational persons themselves. In Mid-term Break, Haney starts the poem by mentioning the bells knelling that suggests a funeral bell, rather than a bell for school lessons (this fact automatically changes our mood). Since the narrator is a boy, this poem capture consciousness of death by recounting the particulars of his expert poetry A r the sick bay until his ride arrived, his fathers crying, the awkward men, the poppy bruise on the corpses temple and the end, whew Wreck- t deaths finality: A four foot box, a foot for every year. Makes us t are able to understand death better than adults, with a unique cal Seams observed and described the situation from a different point of vie 8) marimba the people around him never affected him, in a certain way,he WA as he assumes life. Figures of speech Definition Auto Wreck Mid-Term Break Alliteration The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kind beginning of words or in stressed syllables. Its quick soft silver b beating, A four foot box, a foot for every year Onomatopoeia The formation or use of words that imitate the so the objects or actions they refer to. .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .postImageUrl , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:hover , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:visited , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:active { border:0!important; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:active , .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1 .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0abe6af652bcfe25af435e5c7d019de1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How poets keep language alive EssayThen the bell, breaking the h Hyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for me The The ambulance at top speed floating down And stowed into the little hospital One with a bucket, douches, ponds of blood into the street and t morning in the college sick bay Simile A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things AR in a phrase introduced by like or as. Pulsing out red light like an Our throats tight as tourniquets Cancer simple as a flower, blooms He lay in the four foot box as Oxymoron A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradict combined. Its quick soft silver Wings in s heavy curve, dips down, And breaks speed, entering the crowd. We speak with sickly smiles The grim Joke The door leap open, emptying light In hers and coughed out angry tearless sights Snowdrops and candles soothed the beside Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. And down the dark one ruby flare Pulsing out red light like an artery. One hangs lanterns on the wrecks that cling Emptying husks of locusts, to iron poles. A four foot box, a foot for every year Counting bells knelling classes to a close Rhetorical question A question to which no answer is expected, often used for rhetorical effect. Who shall die? Who is innocent? Our throats were tight as tourniquets, Our feet were bound with splints, In this quote, Shapiro is trying to sketch an image of people in front of a car accident with tourniquets around their necks, supported and confined by splits that restrain the body from moving. This kind of image represents a situation were the crowd were topped, almost speechless, as they gazed upon the wreckage contemplating the reason behind death. A shocking image by the way. And cancer simple as a flower, blooms By this quote Shapiro is making a comparison of what we understand as life and what we know about death. When a flower blooms, it is clearly full of life, is a stage were life can be seen at is best. And cancer will be the opposite, a stage were death is at is best. The thing is that, visually, both phenomenon are very similar, when the cancerous cells are seen with a microscope, they look like flowers, and they bloom rapidly. The thing is that we are not used to consider cancerous cells beautiful. In hers and coughed out angry tearless sighs This image is quite effective; with the use of textures, Haney can make you can feel the mothers anger Just by imagining the air around you. Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside This image Haney uses two key elements that generate a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere, the snowdrops are soft and quiet, innocent and inoffensive and the candles symbolize the ritual, to make honor and to remember a loved one. Definitely a peaceful image. The image is pure, the bruise is discrete. A four foot box, a foot for every year By this quote, the boy is saying that his brother was four years old when he died, the image gives a certain relief, instead of crying for his brother, he uses his mind to analyze mathematically the situation. This image is very effective, it immediately make us feel that death is not chaos. The childs reaction towards death is completely different from the adult reaction towards it. The boy was describing the situation with a certain indifference of what happened, it seemed like the aura of death was unable to enter to his mind and DOD.

Negotiation Analysis Paper

Introduction Over the past two decades, there has been a rise in the number of issues facing firms in different economic sectors. According to Gitman and McDaniel (2008, p.34), changes in the external and internal business environments affect the ability of businesses to achieve their objectives.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resource managers face diverse challenges in an effort to deal with changes emanating from the external business environments. This arises from the fact that they do not have control over external business environment. However, human resource managers can be able to control issues emanating from the internal business environment. Firms’ management teams attain this through formulation and implementation of effective human resource management practices. Some of the human resource manageme nt practices that organizations implement relate to development of an environment conducive for working. There are numerous ways through which an organization can attain this. One of these ways entails ensuring fair compensation to the employees. According to Durai (n.d, p.538), organizations must avoid any form unfair labor practices. Examples of such practices include unfair dismissals of labor union members and unfair employees’ disciplinary actions. Additionally, organizations management teams should not also undermine the employees’ collective bargaining rights. There has been an increment in the number of labor disputes that organizations experience over the past few decades. Considering the fact that human capital is one of the most important organizational assets, it is paramount for management teams to ensure that disputes are effectively resolved. One of the ways through which organizations can achieve this is through negotiation. Spoelstra and Pienaar (1999, p.3) define negotiation as the process through which different parties interact with the objective of reaching an agreement or resolving a conflict. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), assert that there are different strategies that organizations can use to resolve conflicts. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999) further assert that conflicts within can be beneficial if they are resolved effectively.Advertising Looking for term paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Spoelstra and Pienaar (1999, p.3) assert that negotiation entails exchange of information. There are four main characteristics of negotiation. These include a common interest, conflicting interest, compromise and a common standard for the agreement to hold. In an effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the concept of negotiation as a human resource management strategy, the researcher considered evaluating the concept with regard to its appli cation by Verizon Wireless. Current issue at Verizon Wireless Company Verizon Wireless is one of the largest telecommunication companies in the United States. The firm is the leader in provision of wireless services. Currently, Verizon Wireless is facing a labor dispute. Approximately 45,000 of the firm’s employees who work at the firm’s wire lines division who are represented by the union are considering striking. Some of the unions that represent the firm’s employees include International Brotherhood Electrical Workers (IBEW) and Communications Workers of America (CWA). One of the issues that these unions are advocating for relate to an increment in the hourly wages. Additionally, the unions are also advocating for the betterment of Verizon Wireless employee’s pension and health care benefits. Over the past few years, Verizon Wireless has experienced a significant growth in its performance with regard to profitability. For example, over the past four ye ars, Verizon Wireless profit has increased to $19.1 billion. As a result, the firm has continuously increased the financial benefits received by the firm’s top executives in terms of annual salary increments and bonuses. Employees within the lower employment levels in Verizon Wireless are not treated the same with the top level employees despite the fact that the fact that they are the ones who undertake most of the operational tasks that contributes to the firm’s profitability. Durai (n.d, p. 538) asserts that organizations should ensure that the unionized employees receive fair salaries and wage increment and other career development opportunities. However, Verizon Wireless remuneration to lower level employees has not been fair. Additionally, Verizon Wireless fires employees unfairly (Campbell, 2011, para. 5). For example, Verizon Wireless fires employees who join the workers union. The firm also conducts captive audience meetings in an effort to discourage employee s from joining the employees union.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an effort to diminish the powers of the employees unions, Verizon Wireless is considering influencing employees who are not union members to remain un-unionized. To achieve this, Verizon Wireless is discouraging its employees from signing Union Cards. According to Durai (n.d, p.538), organization management teams should not engage in unfair staffing process in an effort to discourage its employees from becoming members of the employees union. Additionally, organization’s management teams should also avoid preventing its employees from forming an employee union unfairly. However, in the case of Verizon Wireless Company, it is the firm’s objective to destroy the union. The poor payment to the firm’s employees has made their living sta ndards to deteriorate. This indicates a high level of unfair treatment to the employees. Negotiation processes Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.15) asserts that the process of negotiation is made up of four main sub-processes which include distributive bargaining, integrative bargaining, intra-organizational bargaining and attitudinal structuring. Distributive bargaining tactic According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.15), distributive bargaining entails a negotiation strategy whereby the parties involved are in a conflict. The initial stage of the negotiation process is characterized by a gap between the conflicting parties. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16) further assert that the bargainers have a particular target and resistance point in their mind. These points affect their offers and counteroffers. The target point represents the most-favorable goal for each stakeholder. On the other hand, the resistant point depicts the least desirable outcome. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), distributive bargaining as a negotiation process is most appropriate when one of the negotiators’ interests is expressly opposed. During the bargaining process, the parties involved struggle to establish a compromise. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16), existence of a huge gap between the two points leads into an impasse.Advertising Looking for term paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This impasse is likely to be manifested by a strike during the negotiations. For example, in the case of Verizon Wireless, the strike by the firm’s employees is an indication of an existing gap between the employees’ labor demands and the firm’s top executive desire. During the negotiations, the union representatives pulled out of the negotiations since the firm’s management team was not willing to give the employees their desires despite making it known to the management team. According to the union representatives, the firm’s management took a hard-line position hence limiting the effectiveness of the bargaining process. The union representatives further said that the Verizon Wireless was willing to disregard the collective bargaining process which had been established within the firm for over fifty years. In such a situation, the union members should consider integrating distributive bargaining. According to the firm’s management team, Ve rizon Wireless have established a contingency plan whose objective is to ensure minimal disruption in the firm’s operation by the strike. The plan entails training a sufficient number of retirees and management employees who will take the positions of the union workers who go on strike. This indicates a high level of disregard of the employee’s rights. Instead of developing a contingency plan, Verizon Wireless and the unions’ representatives should emphasize on developing a positive contract zone. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16), establishment of a positive contract zone increases the probability of the parties reaching an agreement. Additionally, there is an increment in the level of motivation with regard to negotiation amongst the parties involved. By establishing a continuing interdependent relationship between Verizon Wireless management team and the union representatives, there is a high probability that no employee strike would occur. This mea ns that both the employees and firm would not be adversely affected since they are dependent on each other. Integrative bargaining This negotiation strategy is also referred to as cooperative negotiation. The process entails negotiating with the objective of achieving a mutual gain. According to Guasco and Robinson (2007, p.66), it is the objective of the parties involved to create a value that will be shared by the two negotiating parties. Integrative bargaining is only successful if the negotiating parties avoid exploitation during the initial stages of the negotiation. Additionally, the negotiators must accept an anti-competitive premise. One of the ways through which the negotiators can achieve this if they are negotiating for establishment of a shared gain is by developing a mutually satisfying deal. This is referred to as the win-win negotiation (Guasco Robinson, 2007, p.66). Integrative negotiation is aimed at developing a situation whereby both negotiators attain what they need. For cooperative negotiation to be successful, a high degree of patience is required. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18) assert that in the event of a mixed-motive situation, the negotiations must identify a trade-off that will contribute towards ensuring that the both parties are better off. In the case of Verizon Wireless, the employees were motivated to strike because of unfair treatment by the management team in a number of ways. For example, the lower level employees were poorly remunerated while the top level managers were highly remunerated. Additionally, in their negotiation with the firm’s management teams, the union representatives are also pressuring Verizon Wireless to increase their employees’ pension and health care benefits. However, Verizon Wireless is not willing to compromise on its reserved profits by increasing the employees’ financial benefits. This is despite the fact that it is the lower level employees who have worked hard to ensure that the firm remains profitable. Verizon Wireless management team should strive to ensure that the lower level employees also benefit from their hard work. Intra-organizational bargaining The objective of this strategy is to resolve internal conflicts such as the labor disputes within Verizon Wireless Company. It is aimed at establishing consensus between the employees and the management teams. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18) appreciate the fact that most negotiators do not act in their own individual capacity. However, they act as representatives of a particular group of individuals. Within organizations, the union representatives are the ones who are mostly involved in the negotiation process. For example, in the case of Verizon Wireless, the employees are interests are advocated by unions which include CWA and IBEW. The representatives have an obligation to report to their constituents. Due to existence of a large number of individuals, there is a high probability of conflict of inte rest as a result of diversity in their views. Therefore, there is a high probability of differences amongst the union members. Prior to the representative engaging in the negotiations, the union should reconcile internally with the members of the group so as to eliminate any differences. This means that there has to be an intra-organizational bargaining which entails undertaking negotiation within the particular teams. The resultant effect is that there is a high probability of the negotiations succeeding. Attitudinal restructuring Organization’s management teams should not only emphasize on distributive and integrative bargaining, however, they should also consider attitudinal restructuring in their negotiation process. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), the negotiators perception of each other affects the outcome of the bargaining process. The negotiators should develop strategies on how to positively influence each parties approach in an effort to attain thei r needs. The resultant effect is achievement of a mutual benefit. Attitudinal restructuring in negotiation entails developing trust between the parties. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), assert that development of trust aid in effective conduction of integrative negotiation. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18), the negotiation process may result into development or a decline in the level of trust between the parties depending on the treatment received. The union members have developed a negative attitude towards Verizon Wireless. This is due to the unfair treatment that the firm subjects to its employees. This may have adverse effects on future relationship between the firm and its employees. Context of negotiation There are a wide range of contexts which compose the negotiation process. One of these contexts relate to relationships. Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010) assert that the relationship between the negotiators affect the outcome of the negotiation. During intern al conflicts, the parties involved must assess the effect of negotiation on the future relationship established. In order to manage negotiations, human resource managers promote positive emotions amongst the parties. Organizations should also ensure that they address the issues they are facing with justice and fairness. The negotiation process is also composed of an audience. The audience may be composed of different parties such the team or the group members. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), the audience in the negotiation puts more pressure to the negotiators to be more tough and unyielding. As a result, the negotiators usually advocate their audience’s position (Asherman Asherman, 2001, p.207). In the case of Verizon Wireless, the union representatives have an obligation to advocate for the needs of the firm’s employees. According to Asherman and Asherman (2001, p.207), there are two main rules that guide negotiators when there is an audience involv ed. The first rule relates to flexibility whereby the negotiators make proposals and compromises that may seem undesirable to the audience initially. On the other hand, a win-lose negotiation compels the negotiators to adhere to the audiences’ position which means that they should not concede so easily. In an effort to fight for their rights, Verizon Wireless employees are using CWA and IBEW to negotiate with the management. Additionally, the employees should also consider incorporating agents in their negotiation process. The agent is required to act in accordance with the needs of the audience. In the event that the agent makes a concession that is not desirable, the principal can withdraw. Asherman and Asherman (2001, p.207) asserts that using agents in the negotiation process can be advantageous since they are not intensely involved psychologically in the negotiation. In addition, the probability of emotions interfering with the negotiation process is limited since the ag ents do not have their ego at stake. On the other hand, multiparty negotiation, entails a large number of parties whereby each party is either concerned with achieving their own ends or a group consensus. Multiparty negotiations are also characterized by formation of coalitions. The coalitions contribute towards the strengthening of the weaker parties thus enabling them to push for their needs and to block any unacceptable decisions (Harvard Business School Press, 2005, p.59). According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), assert that coalitions may be dissolved during the negotiation process. There are two main forms of coalitions in multiparty negotiation. These include natural coalition and a single-issue coalition. Natural coalition is characterized by one or more allies who have a wide range of universal interests. For example, in negotiating for their rights, Verizon Wireless employees are represented by two parties which include IBEW and CWA. The objective of the two labor unions is to fight for the employees rights within the telecommunication industry. On the other hand, a single-issue coalition is composed of two of more parties whose interests differ but unite on others. Negotiation and culture Culture has a significant effect on the outcome of the negotiation process. According to Brett (2007, p.280), cultural differences exist in the negotiation process. This is due to the fact that the principals and the representatives have different priorities, interests and positions. These positions are influenced by different factors which emanate from social, economic, and political contexts. Additionally, the negotiators have diverse motives which include individualistic, competitive and cooperative motives. The parties involved in the negotiation process in the case of Verizon Wireless should have a comprehensive understanding of the existing cultural differences. This will play a vital role in ensuring that the negotiation is successful. For example, i n a collectivist culture, negotiators tend to avoid any form of direct conflict or its manifestation. For example, when Japanese is negotiating with an American and he or she is not comfortable with proposal; the Japanese may say that he will look further into the issue. This may be a tactic of saying no which the American does not understand (Trevino Nelson, 2011, p. 406).On raising the issue later, the Japanese may be direct and say no. This may make the American to perceive the negotiation process as being unfair. When resolving conflicts, understanding the culture is also critical since it aids in determining the most effective conflict resolution strategy to use. For example, some cultures prefer mediation as the best method of conflict resolution. Negotiation and gender Numerous studies have been conducted to establish the relationship between gender and negotiation. These studies were aimed at establishing whether various demographic characteristics such as age and race affe ct the outcome of the negotiation process. This is due to the fact that negotiation is an interpersonal process. According to Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.136), gender as an individual attribute plays a vital role in the negotiation process. Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.136) assert that women are more sensitive and tend to nurture a long term relationship. Therefore, women involved in a negotiation process are more likely to consider the negotiation process as a long term relationship. As a result, they are likely to be more concerned with ensuring that the process is fair. On the other hand, men are more individualistic. In addition, they regard the negotiation process to be a one time event which does not have any direct consequences with regard to future interactions. Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.137) are of the opinion that women are less aggressive in that they do not feel that they are entitled to receive the same salary as their male counterparts. Findings by researchers reve al that women are likely to accept relatively low salaries. They also feel less confident in the negotiation process. On the other hand, men are more offensive which makes them to succeed in the negotiation process. However, when women are negotiating for others as agents, they tend t o be more effective compared to when they are negotiating for their own demands. In order to reach a consensus with Verizon Wireless management team, the labor union should ensure that both genders are considered in the selection of negotiators. Individual differences; personality and abilities According to Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p. 395), personality traits such as authoritarianism, self-esteem, Machiavellianism, tolerance to ambiguity, risk taking, and locus on control affect the negotiation process. Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p.395) assert that the two parties involved in a dispute should ensure that they select the right negotiators. The success of Verizon Wireless employees in negotiating for their rights is dependent on the effectiveness of selecting negotiators from the union to represent the members. Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p.395) asserts that the selection of a negotiator with the right personality is critical factor in the negotiation process. This arises from the fact that the negotiation process is both personal and interactive. Managing negotiation difficulties According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), there is a high probability of negotiations failing due to different reasons. In the case of Verizon Wireless, the negotiations stalled as a result of the firm’s management team failure to change its initial proposal regarding the employees’ demands to have a fair employment contract. This motivated the firm’s employees to resort to strike as an alternative to address their concerns. Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010) assert that integrative bargaining may fail in the event of the negotiators failing to establish a mutually benefici al option. Additionally, negotiations may also fail if one of the parties to the conflict has adopted an integrative negotiation strategy while the other party has adopted a distributive strategy. Failed negotiations can result into the parties involved incurring significant cost. In order for the negotiation process to be successful, the parties must develop effective strategies aimed at ensuring that an impasse does not occur. One of the ways through which they can achieve this is by ensuring that there is effective communication amongst the negotiators. In the case of Verizon Wireless, it is important for the firm’s management team and the union representatives to ensure that there is effective communication between the parties. The strike by Verizon Wireless employees may affect the firm’s profitability. As a result, it is vital for the firm’s management team to incorporate enticing offers. In addition, the negotiators should strive towards developing a comm on ground. To manage negotiation difficulties, the parties involved must undertake effective preparations prior to the negotiation. Conclusion The analysis illustrates the importance of negotiations in resolving conflicts within organizations. In its operation, Verizon Wireless Company is experiencing an internal conflict between its employees and the management team. The current dispute between the management team of Verizon Wireless and its employees relates to labor issues. The employees union is advocating for better employment terms which the management team is not willing to offer. In order to resolve this labor dispute through negotiation, there are different negotiation processes that negotiators can adopt. However, the choice of the negotiation process to adopt is dependent on the existing situation. Some of the negotiation processes to consider include distributive bargaining, integrative bargaining, intra-organizational bargaining and attitudinal restructuring. Additional ly, the research also evaluates the diverse contexts which compose the negotiation process. These contexts include the various relationships in the negotiation, agents, audiences, coalitions, and constituents. Additionally, the negotiation process may be composed of multiple parties. During the negotiation process, the negotiators must also have a comprehensive understanding of the existing cultural differences. Other factors that the negotiators must consider relate to gender, individual differences and abilities. This is due to the fact that these factors influence the outcome of the negotiation. The research has also appreciated the fact that there are a number of difficulties that can affect the success of the negotiation process. Therefore, to ensure that negotiations do not fail, effective strategies should be implemented. Some of these strategies relate to ensuring effective communication, establishing a common ground and effective planning. Reference List Asherman, I. Asher man, S. (2001). The negotiation sourcebook. Amherst, Mass: HRD Press. Brett, J. (2007). Negotiation globally; how to negotiate deals, resolve disputes and  made decisions across cultural boundaries. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Campbell, T. (2011). CWA/ IBEW Verizon strike is more than just a labor dispute;  unions draw a line in the sand; make stand for all working people. Web. Durai, E. (n.d). Human resource management. Sydney: Pearson Education India. Gitman, L. McDaniel, C. (2008). Future of business; the essentials. New York: Cengage. Griffin, R. Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational behavior; managing people and  organisations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Guasco, M. Robinson, P. (2007). Principles of negotiation; strategies, tactics,  techniques to reach agreements. New York: Entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Press. (2005). The essentials of negotiation. Boston: Harvard Busines School Press. Kochan, T. Lipsky, D. (2003). Negotiations and change; from the workpla ce to  society. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. Barry, B. (2010). Negotiation. Ohio: Ohio State University. Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. Minton, J. (1999). Negotiation. Boston: Irwin McGraw- Hill. Moffitt, M. Bordone, R. (2005). Handbook of dispute resolution. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Spoelstra, H. Pienaar, D. (1999). Negotiation; theories, strategies and skills. Kenwyn: Juta. Trevino, L. Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics; straight talk about how to  do it right. New York: John Wiley. This term paper on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless was written and submitted by user Javion E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Genotype vs Phenotype

Genotype vs Phenotype Ever since Austrian monk Gregor Mendel did artificial selection breeding experiments with his pea plants, understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next has been an important field of biology. Genetics is often used as a way to explain evolution, even if Charles Darwin did not know how it worked when he first came up with the original Theory of Evolution. Over time, as society developed more technology, the marriage of evolution and genetics became apparent. Now, the field of Genetics is a very important part of the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution. The Terms Genotype and Phenotype In order to understand how genetics plays a role in evolution, it is important to know the correct definitions of basic genetics terminology. Two such terms that will be used repeatedly are genotype and phenotype. While both terms have to do with traits shown by individuals, there are differences in their meanings. What Is a Genotype? The word genotype comes from the greek words â€Å"genos† which means â€Å"birth† and â€Å"typos† which means â€Å"mark†. While the entire word â€Å"genotype† does not exactly mean â€Å"birth mark† as we think of the phrase, it does have to do with the genetics an individual is born with. A genotype is the actual genetic composition or makeup of an organism. Most genes are made up of two or more different alleles, or forms of a trait. Two of those alleles come together to make the gene. That gene then expresses whatever trait is dominant in the pair. It could also show a blending of those traits or show both traits equally, depending on which characteristic it is coding for. The combination of the two alleles is an organism’s genotype. Genotype is often symbolized using two letters. A dominant allele would be symbolized by a capital letter, while the recessive allele is represented with the same letter, but only in the lower case form. For example, when Gregor Mendel did his experiments with pea plants, he saw the flowers would either be purple (the dominant trait) or white (the recessive trait). A purple flowered pea plant may have the genotype PP or Pp. A white flowered pea plant would have the genotype pp. What Is a Phenotype? The trait that is shown due to the coding in the genotype is called the phenotype. The phenotype is the actual physical features shown by the organism. In pea plants, like in the example above, if the dominant allele for purple flowers is present in the genotype, then the phenotype would be purple. Even if the genotype had one purple color allele and one recessive white color allele, the phenotype would still be a purple flower. The dominant purple allele would mask the recessive white allele in this case. The Relationship Between the Two The genotype of the individual determines the phenotype. However, it is not always possible to know the genotype by looking only at the phenotype. Using the purple flowered pea plant example above, there is no way to know by looking at a single plant whether the genotype is made up of two dominant purple alleles or one dominant purple allele and one recessive white allele. In those cases, both phenotypes would show a purple flower. To figure out the true genotype, the family history can be examined or it can be bred in a test cross with a white flowered plant, and the offspring can show whether or not it had a hidden recessive allele. If the test cross produces any recessive offspring, the genotype of the parental flower would have to be heterozygous, or have one dominant and one recessive allele.

Infant and Toddler Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Infant and Toddler Programs - Essay Example Experiences breed the minds of infants. These experiences come about through playful exploration. Infants gain skills by having a couple of safe, daily objects that arouse their senses (Keeler, 2008). Playing with natural materials or in natural environments (nature), offer rich chances for exploring. Squishy mud between toes, warm sun on faces and the scent of mint in the garden, infants’ senses assemble information regarding the world around them and how it works or functions. In a recent approach to working with infants, referred to as heuristic play, infants who are mature enough to sit up contentedly on their own and pick items from baskets are at a different level from other infants. These are items that they have free access to in their daily lives. Grownups watch and stay with the infant while they survey, without taking charge (Ministry of Education, 2010). From the experiment, it can be observed that infants can center, for long periods of time, at a basket and choos e from a wide range of materials. They do this through examining their space and texture by banging, mouthing, waving and handling. Infants, at other times, need adults to talk to them, predict their actions, interest and requirements as well as provide new experiences and opportunities. Infants need a secure, calm and stimulating place to explore and learn. They also need other children or adults to interact, play and talk to them. Whereas young infants will mainly stay in one place, more mature infants are mobile. Hence, infants, at the playgroup, need adequate spaces to explore in safety (Keeler, 2008). Premises should be constantly cleaned and kept hygienic. Young infants like to perform many body movements. Infants do this best when lying on a firm and cushioned surface. It is hence vital to ensure that there are comfortable mats or cushions for young infants to lie on (NCCIC, 2009). They should be given opportunities to explore items with their mouths and hands by having suita ble items nearby. Infants use a great deal of their time looking up towards the ceiling, lights and walls. Hence, it is vital to put some attractive pictures/posters or mobile gadgets on the ceilings and walls to inspire their learning (Ministry of Education, 2010). They should also be provided with comfortable couches or seats in the infant quarter for grownups to sit and hold infants. Mobile infants like to explore their environments. They should, hence, be given a lot of room for them to move. They should be offered small and safe challenges with different levels that persuade learning. For instance, educators could use low steps, risers, large boxes, couches, mattresses as well as piles of cushions to simulate their learning (Keeler, 2008). Letting them sit contentedly on their own is not propping them up with cushions or pillows to sit. It is advisable to wait until he or she gets to the sitting point by themselves, in their own time and when they are ready. That is, when their neck and back are strong enough to bear this sitting position (Ministry of Education, 2010). Toddlers explore things in diverse ways. They are also energetic as well as on the move. Often their needs are ahead of their physical abilities and their language. Toddlers’ main interests comprise of putting items in and out of containers of all kinds, matching, selecting, sorting, dumping, loading

Policy memo to the President on Sino-American relationships Essay

Policy memo to the President on Sino-American relationships - Essay Example One of the greatest challenges facing the US is possibility of nuclear attacks from defiant North Korea and similar attacks on US allies such as South Korea and Japan. The United States bilateral partnerships with East Asia nations like Japan aim at defending such nations in case of military confrontation from hostile neighbors (Shambaugh, 2013). Another challenge facing the US in East Asia is the increased integration and cooperation of East Asia countries in trade and formation of regional economic blocs that determine the trade flows in the region (Lin & Roy, 2010). The rise of China as an economic and military power has dwindled the influence of United States in geopolitical issues affecting East Asia. China has the potential to influence East Asia trading activities and determine the capacity of the US to find strategic partners and allies in the region (Shambaugh, 2013). Nationalism, unresolved historical issues and territorial borders is another challenge that limits the abili ty of the US to interfere with East Asia issues (Lin & Roy, 2010). Territorial border tensions have fueled military confrontation and led to high military build-up and spending by some East Asia nations thus limiting their capability to focus on trade and investment spending. In this case, the US must use a careful and diplomatic approach in its comments relating to territorial disputes in order to avoid diplomatic tensions in the region (Shambaugh, 2013).

Inclusive education Essay Example for Free

Inclusive education Essay The concept of inclusion has been adopted as a response to the mandate of Public Law 94-142 or the Education of the Handicapped Act of 1975 which aims to place disabled and mentally-challenged students in non-restricted environments where they have access to equal opportunities in education. Inclusive education is an academic program where children of varying abilities are placed in one class or group and allowed to interact together to facilitate learning. It aims to provide all types of students with equality and exposure to the same learning stimulus that is bound to create various learning experiences to different types of children. And although many educators recognize that this is a breakthrough scheme for integration and intellectual freedom (Porter, 2001), in some cultures, this is the traditional way of teaching preschool children since special classes for attending to disabled children have not yet been developed at that time (Duncan, 2001). The scheme may involve only partial inclusion where special or disabled students can be pulled out anytime from class as the need for it arises. Oftentimes, for this category, another teacher who caters to the specific needs of the disabled students is also present. Full inclusion, on the other hand, is usually applied for disabled or special cases of students with high levels of learning capacities. Similarly, George and Alexander (2003) noted that in cases where tracking or ability grouping could not be totally excluded, partial de-tracking is also a good alternative. Inclusive education is a form of recognition (Friendly and Lero, 2002) and value that goes beyond human rights and equality and is a contributing step to eliminating social exclusion in the community. It promotes active and meaningful participation to all members of a group or class and offer different prospects for the students who experience the different class activities in their own light. They are able to socially interact, treated equally despite cognitive, physical or financial levels and, most importantly, achieve happiness and security. These are the essential elements and goals of inclusive education (Sen, 1999). As the Laidlaw Foundation puts its, it requires an active change in current policies and programs and build community-based foundations that will benefit and develop equal opportunities for both children and families (Friendly and Lero, 2002). On the other hand, early descriptions of inclusive education provide less drastic measures for improvement. Kamps et al.(1994) note that the strategies employed in inclusive learning are cheap measures designed to center on techniques that are less invasive but improves both the academic and social learning of the children (Kamps et al. , 1994). They also add that despite an inclusive program, change will not be truly instituted if the techniques cannot be adapted to current educational classroom systems that are at in place (Kamps Carta, 1989). The members of the Inclusion InterAmericana (2000) also agree that Inclusive education is a cheaper alternative to provide disabled students access to education as evidence by their limited resources and provision. Cooperative learning is one aspect of inclusive education, where students are classified into smaller learning groups created for the purpose of maximizing learning and development (Johnson et al. , 1990). This type of grouping, also referred to as a heterogeneous classification has aimed to ensure that each student receives the same high class standards of instruction and education. The access of all types of students to these educational practices will allow them to benefit in the same way that others students do (Daniel, 2007). This type of scheme not only follows a mandate to provide children with the equal opportunities in education but also aims to improve the skills of the students relative to the learning levels each child possesses (Yonezawa and Jones, 2006). The children in an inclusive class who, in an ideal situation, are helping each other learn also do not need to be in the same age levels as other students as in the case of a learning strategy in an inclusive set up called cross age tutoring (Barbetta et al., 1991). In contrast to inclusive education, a scheme called homogeneous grouping, or ability grouping or tracking, is a case where students are grouped according to similar cognitive levels. The grouping is done by determining abilities of students through studies on their previous test and activity scores and those with similar abilities are group accordingly (Daniel, 2007). Gamoran and Weinstein (1998), George (1988) and Slavin (1993) all note a lack of evidence that ability grouping is effective. In addition, Vang (2005) discusses the disadvantages of this scheme to students with poor learning abilities, those from the minority and even financially challenged children. As Friendly and Lero (2002) note, exclusion in any form results in not only vulnerability and inability to voice out to the proper forum but also reduces quality and limited capabilities of life experiences. They also stress that a changed path from exclusion will enable social cohesion and improve life prospects. This also applies not only to communities but also to students in classrooms as well.

Carmen and Gypsy Culture :: essays research papers

The fascination with exoticism was more and more prevalent within romantic compositions as there was an increased yearning for far off lands within the composer’s imagination. ‘Composers of such works were not terribly interested in authenticity; their primary concern was to create a picturesque atmosphere that would appeal to audiences.’(Machlis p.190) Bizet romanticized gypsy culture in his opera and through the character, ‘Carmen’. The libretto gives off ideas in relation to the emerging theme of ‘naturalism’, where much focus was given to the working class and their suffering. Carmen and the other gypsies don’t have that middle class virtue. ‘But they are seen against the exotic allure of Spain and Bizet’s music invests them with a human dignity.’ (Machlis192) In much of the art, music and literature of the 19th century the female gypsy, in particular was characterized and stereotyped as free-spirited, stron g, deviant, demanding, sexually arousing, alluring and dismissive. This romantic construct of the Gypsy woman may be viewed as completely opposite to the proper, controlled and chaste, submissive woman held as the Victorian, European ideal. These descriptions are likened to the characters of Carmen in contrast to Micaela. ‘Carmen’ is all about women, especially women with exotic qualities who challenge the traditional morale. The women in ‘Carmen’ are seen not as passive but as active players in the social game. Carmen forever sings about freedom and love with no limits. ‘The freedom to travel, the freedom to exist – Carmen fights for the right to live.’(Feminist endings) The oriental fascination with the forbidden and taboo world of the gypsy other in music is characterized by the spontaneous dance-like rhythms, melodies and orchestration. Carmen’s most famous aria, ‘Habanera’ in which she tells of her conception of love, is a borrowed Cuban dance form, from Havana exhibiting Spanish flounces and likened to the ‘Tango’ dance style. The duple metre slow dance, lined with graceful dotted rhythms involves a lot of body movement and expression, characteristic of the gypsy. ‘Seguidilla’ also demonstrates the importance of dance to the gypsy culture, set in a typical  ¾ rhythm and sung to a poetic verse form. The combination of guitar-like accompaniment, pizzicato on the strings laced with ornaments and triplets, gives the piece character and cheek, as Carmen taunts Don Jose to fall for her charms. The accelerating gypsy dance opening Act 2 uses dissonances and sliding harmonies, creating that colour and richness typical of the exotic influence. Carmen and Gypsy Culture :: essays research papers The fascination with exoticism was more and more prevalent within romantic compositions as there was an increased yearning for far off lands within the composer’s imagination. ‘Composers of such works were not terribly interested in authenticity; their primary concern was to create a picturesque atmosphere that would appeal to audiences.’(Machlis p.190) Bizet romanticized gypsy culture in his opera and through the character, ‘Carmen’. The libretto gives off ideas in relation to the emerging theme of ‘naturalism’, where much focus was given to the working class and their suffering. Carmen and the other gypsies don’t have that middle class virtue. ‘But they are seen against the exotic allure of Spain and Bizet’s music invests them with a human dignity.’ (Machlis192) In much of the art, music and literature of the 19th century the female gypsy, in particular was characterized and stereotyped as free-spirited, stron g, deviant, demanding, sexually arousing, alluring and dismissive. This romantic construct of the Gypsy woman may be viewed as completely opposite to the proper, controlled and chaste, submissive woman held as the Victorian, European ideal. These descriptions are likened to the characters of Carmen in contrast to Micaela. ‘Carmen’ is all about women, especially women with exotic qualities who challenge the traditional morale. The women in ‘Carmen’ are seen not as passive but as active players in the social game. Carmen forever sings about freedom and love with no limits. ‘The freedom to travel, the freedom to exist – Carmen fights for the right to live.’(Feminist endings) The oriental fascination with the forbidden and taboo world of the gypsy other in music is characterized by the spontaneous dance-like rhythms, melodies and orchestration. Carmen’s most famous aria, ‘Habanera’ in which she tells of her conception of love, is a borrowed Cuban dance form, from Havana exhibiting Spanish flounces and likened to the ‘Tango’ dance style. The duple metre slow dance, lined with graceful dotted rhythms involves a lot of body movement and expression, characteristic of the gypsy. ‘Seguidilla’ also demonstrates the importance of dance to the gypsy culture, set in a typical  ¾ rhythm and sung to a poetic verse form. The combination of guitar-like accompaniment, pizzicato on the strings laced with ornaments and triplets, gives the piece character and cheek, as Carmen taunts Don Jose to fall for her charms. The accelerating gypsy dance opening Act 2 uses dissonances and sliding harmonies, creating that colour and richness typical of the exotic influence.

Charles Dickens’ Satire of Victorian Culture in Oliver Twist

In the novel Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens ridicules Victorian society; he focuses on the Poor Law system, orphans, workhouses, and the characterization of Oliver and Nancy, using sarcasm, and the comparison between the real world and the world of Oliver. When Dickens was just a child, a lot of traumatic things happened to him. At twelve, his father went to prison. He then had to work in a shoe blacking factory. He knew poverty and that’s why he was aware of social problems and had deep feeling of social commitment. Dickens was one of the most important social writers of history.He criticized moral, social, and economic problems in the Victorian era through his fiction works (â€Å"Charles† 1. ) The emotional and symbolizing power that Oliver Twist has is he value in Dickens life (Linsay 172. ) While writing the book, Victorian themes like poverty, injustice, mean characters, and punishment were all live issues in the world. Dickens didn’t like the 1834 New Poor Act, which criminalized the poor. He didn’t like the harsh utilitarian ethics of it. The Poor Law Board thought that people that could do work didn’t get anything better than the poorest worker.Due to the emergence of trade unions, the Poor Law system fell into decline. There were liberal welfare reforms during the twentieth century; it wasn’t until 1948 when it was officially abolished. Illustrated in Olive Twist, Dickens showed the reading society the harsh symbol of realities in the Victorian era. In the novel, there are a lot of orphans. Dickens depicts them as poor, underfed, oppressed, and severely punished (â€Å"Charles† 1. ) The fear of destitution and poverty was always present in the minds of adults, and children alike in Victorian society.There were many orphans, and one in fourteen of many towns population of children were classified as paupers in 1863. Most of the needy population relied on the parish system through the Poor Law. A Board of Directors was elected, and in many occurrences, Dickens doesn’t put them across as the â€Å"best fit†, even though the goal in the Acts was to help these paupers. Dickens uses sarcasm to write about the Board. It was once a Poor Law system that encouraged work ethic (â€Å"Poverty† 1. ) He describes them in the novel as â€Å"very sage, deep philosophical men† (Dickens 11.)Dickens talks how two orphans, Oliver and Rose, are tried with adversity which teaches them the virtues for others and love. It’s the life of pain and alienation that help them become pure characters, contrasting the fact of the stealing, wild paupers of the Victorian era (Baldridge. ) In the novel, Charles based the character of Oliver on eighteenth century characteristics. Charles’s daydreams of childhood were at bay, and it gave him an emotionally true picture of the exploited children of his own time (Linsay 179. ) In the workhouses that orphans were sent to, there wa s strict discipline.They were given just barely enough food to survive, and were punished harshly if they didn’t follow strict rules. In the novel, Dickens explains what happens to Oliver when he asks for more food. ‘Please, sir, I want some more. ’ The master was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. He gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds, and then clung for support to the copper. The assistants were paralyzed with wonder; the boys with fear. Dickens shows the reader through Oliver’s hunger how bad it was for him.Everyone around the food master thought surely Oliver was to be hung for asking such an explicit question. Instead, Oliver is sent to immediate confinement, awaiting a new master. Laborers had tasks like stone breaking, oakum-picking, sack-making, and corn-grinding. Work conditions were tough, even though they were required to be moderately clean. Patricia Pulham and Brad Beaven explain in their article enti tled â€Å"Poverty and the Poor† how in his journal, Workhouse Words, Dickens investigates the conditions of the workhouse conditions.When he went to the workhouse debate in the 1850s, he witnessed poverty, misery, starvation, and all around death these defined the lack of the workhouse system. Dickens achieves the simplicity of the characters because the way he presents them and describes them doesn’t contain any indistinctness. To some, Oliver might seem sentimental, and Nancy a prostitute with unsure feelings, but these depictions are conventional, and are the marks and representations of a tragedy. Oliver is looked at as an â€Å"item of mortality† who will be a new responsibility for the parish and is only worth selling to the general public when he misbehaves for 5 pounds.Society views Oliver, with its money ethic, as a liability, for he really doesn’t portray a soul or spirit in the Board’s eyes. Oliver’s characteristic development mi ght seem pompous, because he doesn’t really act or talks like the other children. Dickens removes him from the natural speech of all other characters, and gives him the emblem of susceptible innocence and exposure. Oliver is managed by anyone who comes in contact with him. He’s like a puppet, influenced beyond his view. Actually, through most of the novel, Oliver often doesn’t know where he is or who he is.Social order is shown through the rough unimportance of Oliver’s concealed humanity (Duffy 5. ) Oliver never learns how to juxtapose the alabaster and pitch social vocabularies in his story in any way that he might earn about the realities of Victorian culture (Baldridge. ) Dickens depicts Nancy as forced into prostitution by poverty, her peers, and her corrupt environment. Dickens knew of the victimization of Victorian women and wanted to show that Nancy’s sweet character was corrupted by this and that she didn’t deserve her fate (Charles 1.)Even at the cost of her life, Nancy feels change in her heart. She is loyal to her friends, and she goes to save Oliver and Rose. Dickens isn’t emotionalizing iniquity and crime. The truth of life is being represented (Al- Mahdi 3-4. ) Charles Dickens successfully takes the harsh realities of the Victorian era and employs them into the novel Oliver Twist. Through his satire and characterization, he creates a negative image of the cruel things that happened to people in workhouses, orphans, and children. Charles Dickens will always be remembered as one of the best social commentators in history.

Professional Development And Social Work - 3413 Words

P.KARNAN DR.M.GOVINDARAJU Research Scholar (Education) PRINCIPAL Bharathiyar University MUTHUKUMARAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION johnjalu@gmail.com Professional Development and Reforming Social Work in Best Practice Abstract Social workers play an essential in the lives of some of the most vulnerable people in our society. For individuals and families who come into contact with them, the services and guidance they provide can be essential, providing guidance, support, and access to vital services. The goal of this report is to highlight ways in which the social work profession can be reformed in the face of significant challenges to effect improvement in the lives of the most vulnerable. As part of this programme of work, we launched a call for evidence asking social work students, current social workers, and past social workers for their thoughts on the challenges facing the profession. Alongside this we spoke in depth with over 20 social workers and managers about their day-to-day experiences and how they thought training, practice and other elements of the profession should change. We also consulted professional organisations, charities, and practitioners involved in the social work profession. In ad dition we sent out 173 Freedom of Information requests to Local Authorities asking for details of their staffing arrangements, vacancy rates, turnover rates, and pay scales.Show MoreRelatedCommunity Learning Center Practicum : My Internship At Neighborhood House1216 Words   |  5 Pagesinternship at Neighborhood House provided me the opportunity to gain experience and expanded my knowledge working with the diverse population. Neighborhood House has prepared me to work with all population such as race, gender, age, and all culture. I had the opportunity to be in three different programs during my journey as social work student in Neighborhood House. 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