Biography of Alice Paul, Womens Suffrage Activist

Biography of Alice Paul, Women's Suffrage Activist Alice Paul (January 11, 1885–July 9, 1977) was a leading figure responsible for the final push and success in winning passage of the 19th Amendment (womens suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution. She is identified with the more radical wing of the womens suffrage movement that later developed. Fast Facts: Alice Paul Known For: Alice Paul was one of the leaders of the womens suffrage movement and continued to work for womens rights throughout the first half of the 20th centuryBorn: January 11, 1885 in Mount Laurel, New JerseyParents: Tacie Parry and William PaulDied: July 9, 1977 in Moorestown, New JerseyEducation: Bachelors Degree from Swarthmore University; Masters Degree from Columbia University; Ph.D.  from the University of Pennsylvania; Law Degree from American UniversityPublished Works: Equal Rights AmendmentAwards and Honors:  Posthumously inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in and the New Jersey Hall of Fame; had stamps and coins created in her imageNotable Quote: There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it. Early Life Alice Paul was born in Moorestown, New Jersey, in 1885. Her parents raised her and her three younger siblings as Quakers. Her father, William M. Paul, was a successful businessman, and her mother, Tacie Parry Paul, was active in the Quaker (Society of Friends) movement.  Tacie Paul was a descendant of William Penn and William Paul was a descendant of the Winthrop family, both early leaders in Massachusetts.  William Paul died when Alice was 16 years old, and a more conservative male relative, asserting leadership in the family, caused some tensions with the familys more liberal and tolerant ideas. Alice Paul  attended Swarthmore College, the same institution her mother had attended as one of the first women educated there.  She majored in biology at first but developed an interest in social sciences.  Paul then went to work at the New York College Settlement, while attending the New York School of Social Work for a year after graduating from Swarthmore in 1905.   Alice Paul left for England in 1906 to work in the settlement house movement for three years. She studied first at a Quaker school and then at the University of Birmingham. While in England, Paul was exposed to the suffragist movement in progress, which had a profound impact on her direction in life. She  returned to America to get her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1912).  Her dissertation was on womens legal status. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party In England, Alice Paul had taken part in more radical protests for womens suffrage, including participating in the hunger strikes. She worked with the Womens Social and Political Union. She brought back this sense of militancy, and back in the U.S. she organized protests and rallies and was imprisoned three times. Alice Paul joined and became chair of a major committee (congressional) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) within a year, in her mid-20s. A year later in 1913, however, Alice Paul and others withdrew from the NAWSA to form the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Paul and her supporters believed that the NAWSA was too conservative and that a more radical approach was needed to push forward the agenda of womens suffrage. Pauls new organization evolved into the National Womans Party (NWP), and Alice Pauls leadership was key to this organizations founding and future. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party emphasized working for a federal constitutional amendment for suffrage. Their position was at odds with the position of the NAWSA, headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, which was to work state-by-state as well as at the federal level. Despite the often intense acrimony between the National Womans Party and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the two groups tactics complemented each other.  NAWSAs taking more deliberate action to win suffrage in elections meant that more politicians at the federal level had a stake in keeping women voters happy. The NWPs militant stance kept the issue of womens suffrage at the forefront of the political world. Winning Womens Suffrage Alice Paul, as the leader of the NWP, took her cause to the streets. Following the same approach as her English compatriots, she put together pickets, parades, and marches, including a very large event in Washington, DC, on March 3, 1913. Eight thousand women marched down Pennsylvania Avenue with banners and floats, cheered and jeered by tens of thousands of onlookers. Just two weeks later, Pauls group met with newly-elected President Woodrow Wilson, who told them that their time had not yet come. In response, the group embarked on an 18-month period of picketing, lobbying, and demonstrations. More than 1,000 women stood at the gates of the White House each day, displaying signs as the silent sentinels. The result was that many of the picketers were arrested and jailed for months. Paul arranged a hunger strike, which led to intense publicity for her cause. In 1928, Woodrow Wilson succumbed and announced his support for womens votes. Two years later, womens suffrage was the law. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) After the 1920 victory for the federal amendment, Paul became involved in the struggle to introduce and pass an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The Equal Rights Amendment was finally passed by Congress in 1970 and sent to the states to ratify. However, the number of states necessary never ratified  the ERA within the specified time limit, and the amendment failed. Paul continued her work into her later years, earning a law degree in 1922 at Washington College, and then going on to earn a Ph.D. in law at American University. Death Alice Paul died in 1977 in New Jersey, after the heated battle for the Equal Rights Amendment brought her once more to the forefront of the American political scene. Legacy Alice Paul was one of the primary forces behind the passage of the 19th Amendment, a major and lasting achievement. Her influence continues today through the Alice Paul Institute, which states on its website: The Alice Paul Institute educates the public about the life and work of Alice Stokes Paul (1885-1977), and offers heritage and girls’ leadership development programs at Paulsdale, her home and a National Historic Landmark. Alice Paul led the final fight to get women the vote and wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. We honor her legacy as a role model of leadership in the continuing quest for equality. Sources Alicepaul.org, Alice Paul Institute. Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921-1929. State University of New York Press, 2002. Lunardini, Christine A. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Womans Party, 1910-1928. American Social Experience, iUniverse, April 1, 2000.

Holistic Medicine essays

Holistic Medicine essays The notion of Holistic Medicine has been around for many years. But why now, has interest in this area skyrocketed? People are starting to prefer a more natural approach when it comes to healthcare. Holistic Health is actually an approach to life. Rather than focusing on illness or specific parts of the body, this ancient approach to health considers the whole person and how he or she interacts with his or her environment. It emphasizes the connection of mind, body, and spirit. The goal is to achieve maximum well-being, where everything is functioning at its best. Holistic health is based on the law of nature, which is; a whole is made up of interdependent parts. The earth is made up of systems, such as air, land, water, plants and animals. If life is to be sustained the systems cannot be separated, for what is happening to one is also felt by all of the other systems. In the same way, an individual is a whole made up of interdependent parts, which are the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual. When one part is not working at its best, it impacts all of the other parts of that person. Furthermore, this whole person, including all of the parts, is constantly interacting with everything in the surrounding environment. For example, when an individual is anxious about a school exam or a job interview, his or her nervousness may result in a physical reaction, such as a headache or a stomachache. When people suppress anger over a long period of time, they often develop a serious illness, such as migraine headaches, emphysema, or ev en arthritis. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention report that the key factors influencing an individuals state of health have not changed significantly over the past 20 years. Quality of medical care is only 10%. Heredity accounts for 18% and environment 19%. Everyday lifestyle choices are 53%. The decisions people make about their life and habits are therefor...

Oraganzation behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oraganzation behavior - Essay Example Moreover, with respect to the question of what role common sense and intutino plays with regards to the management of individual team members, it must be understood that whereas studies in management and organizational behavior can go a long way in helping to delineate the correct path that should be taken, there is no substitute for common sense and intuition (Rostein 17). However, with that being said, it must be stated that both common sense and intuition are subjective human interpretations of the world; so they are not useful in each and every situation and should not be trusted to apply to each individual in the same way that it does to the individual manager/leader who employs it. 2. One of the first perceptional biases that can be noted is with regards to how the United States press is so keen to take statements out of context and perceive them to be something that they are not. This was recently noted with regards to President of Russia’s opinion editorial in the New York Times concerning Syria. However, instead of taking this op-ed for what it was, the American press instead sought to sum up the entire opinion editorial by emblazoning headlines with phrases such as â€Å"Putin laughs at American Exceptionalism†; a statement that was ludicrous compared to what was actually said by the Russian President (DeWayne 1). Another recent news bias is with regards to the expectation that the gunman in the Washington DC shootings must have been a Muslim; prior to any information coming out as to who he was and why he might have done such a thing. Finally, sticking with the motif of the news, it can also be noted that a strong perceptional bias exists with regards to the conflict in Syria. 3. Firms such as Yahoo have recently found it difficult to juxtapose the creative energies and talents of a multigenerational workforce. As many firms have noted, seeking to maximize the potential of a diverse group of people does not allow for any one approach to be used by itself. In this way, some of the tech giants, Yahoo, Microsoft, Google, and others, have opted for created a more relaxed atmosphere where millenials and other inter-generational employees can work at their own pace without the more rigid and structured approach that had been deemed so useful to the past generation of employees (Jain et al. 47). Rather than seeing this as good or bad, it is necessary for the individual to merely understand such a reaction as one that seeks to take into account the needs of different individuals and seeks to maximize utility and productivity accordingly. 4. Without question values affect the way in which individuals integrate with different situations. However, rather than making the mistake of viewing values as synonymous with attitude, it must be understood that an individual’s attitude is likely to change and morph at various times throughout their professional career; however, values are more innate and are unlikely to experien ce a major shift as an individual progresses within their career. Nevertheless, attitude is one of the most important factors of performance and happiness/job satisfaction. One distinct situation stands out in my own mind with regards to a given task

One Holy Night by Sandra Cisneros and The Garden Party by Katherine Essay

One Holy Night by Sandra Cisneros and The Garden Party by Katherine Mansfield - Essay Example Although Laura tries to maintain an authoritative attitude over the workmen, the happy and positive disposition of the workmen draws Laura to them. As a result, Laura considered the idea of having the workmen as friends because she realized that their attitudes are more natural than those men she had met in parties. Primarily, Laura’s social status in life, her attitudes, and the attitudes of her parents make her different from other people especially from her mother, Mrs. Sheridan, and her sister, Jose. For instance, Laura’s social status separates her from the rest of the world in the sense that she was not able, or was not allowed, to mingle with the poor people in their neighborhood. With the high standards of her family, Laura was not able take pleasure in enjoying the friendship of simple people. With her situation, Laura feels that she is confined within the gates of her home and the limits of her elite society. Laura’s feeling of isolation also affects he r attitudes toward other people especially the workmen. For instance, although she wants to maintain a demanding tone in making the workmen do their job, the positive attitudes of the workmen make her realize that they are actually nice people to have around. With this idea, it can be said that Laura’s isolation affects her attitudes toward people. ... Sheridan. For instance, when Laura heard the news of the carter’s death, she instantly feels empathy and concern that she proposed to cancel their party. She feels that having a party while one of their neighbors is mourning is not proper. In addition, Laura feels that she and her family need to pay some respect to the mourning family. Laura thinks that by cancelling the party, they would be able to be one with the neighborhood. She thinks that in this way, she can overcome the barriers of social status. Contrastingly, Mrs. Sheridan and Jose think that the idea is foolish because it would mean that the money they spent for the party would be wasted. It would also be a humiliation to the family if they cancel the party because of their neighbor’s death, who is not their relative, in the first place. In addition, Mrs. Sheridan and Jose think that the death of the Carter is not their business, so they have the right to pursue their party without feeling guilty. In Mrs. She ridan’s and Jose’s view, the attitudes of Laura signify childhood innocence and ignorance. With these attitudes, Mrs. Sheridan and Jose think that Laura still needs her family to support her in her decision. In this context, it can be said that Laura is still seen as dependent; therefore, cannot have the freedom of choice. Although Laura is projected as a positive character in the story, her childhood innocence creates the irony in her character. For instance, although she seems very concerned with the Scott family at first, her sympathy faded by the time â€Å"Mrs. Sheridan gives her a beautiful hat.† In the story, the beautiful hat signifies the alluring beauty of the elite life, the life of luxury. Considering this situation, it can

Business negotiations in Japan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business negotiations in Japan - Coursework Example When negotiating, it is important to recognize that Japanese do not understand English hence using it will hamper the success of the negotiations. The closely uphold augmentation where logic, dogma, and emotions are combined. They talk around a subject to obtain a holistic view rather than going the straightforward American style. Additionally, Japanese perceive the ‘face’ to be a mark of personal dignity and portrays one’s status among peers. As such, they will always expect that a foreigner always strive to uphold their face and not to turn down someone’s request because they believe that turning down requests leads to humiliation. They do not openly criticize and requires that one uses terms such as its under consideration or its inconvenient if they do not agree to a request. Moreover, harmony is perceived as a key value in japan; both in business and family settings unlike other cultures such as American. Tone of voice, posture, and facial expression a re used to express feelings and what they hold on certain ideas. For instance, when someone frowns during a conversation, it implies disagreement. While negotiating in japan, it is important to note that greetings are ritualized and highly formal unlike in America. During negotiations, the Japanese requires that a speaker waits to be introduced rather than introducing themselves which is common in many cultures. Observing all the aforementioned differences will ensure the effectiveness of the negotiation. Phatak, Arvind V., Rabi S. Bhagat, and Roger J. Kashlak.  International Management: Managing in a Diverse and Dynamic Global Environment. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Web. Accessed through course E-Textbook compiled by Professor Ridley

How does Geography Affect Foreign Policy?

How does Geography Affect Foreign Policy? Plays Geography a vital role in International Relations? Is geography only refers to oceans, lands, animals, plants, atmosphere or more else? It has been a relation between geography and the historic progress of the states? These were some of the questions that came to my mind during the research. The purpose of this essay is to analyze which is the relationship between geography and International Relations, in order to achieve this goal; I focus on certain time periods to understand its relationship. First, I will start to explain the key concepts that I will use in this paper; these concepts are geography and International Relations. International Relations is the study of human interactions through national borders and the factors that affect those interactions. As one of those factors that affect mans interactions, are geographical factors. When we refers to Geography, it means the study between the Earth and its characteristics and is divided into two main branches-Human geograp hy and Physical geography. Geography not only means lands, oceans, animals, plants, it also refers to population, settlements, social traditions, human migration, economic activities etc. During many years those geographical features have impacted on international actions. Geography has been an essential tool for examining International Relations. It has been developed and tested as a tool of politics for centuries. During the prehistory, the cultures settlements were based on geographic areas that allowed them to develop sustainable economies; such as rivers valleys, which were lands very fertile and provided them to develop transport and communications, If the geographic space resulted insufficient for their survival, they conquered other territories and annexed them to the original one, or also they could lose it by the action of other cultures motivated by the same causes. Moreless geography was deeply important in understanding the first forms of social organization and its int eractions with other civilizations. During Ancient area, philosophers such as Hippocrates, Hecateus, Parmenides, and Aristotle focused on the effects of climate on mans political culture. They believed different climates created differences in civilizations and in the military characteristics of nations, for example, the more extreme the temperature differences, the more warlike the society. 1 While in the 19th century some scholars especially in German schools but also American schools started to explain the dynamic complexity of human geography. Its proponents felt that the political boundaries and political structures which existed in the world were the product of natural laws. Thus, international relations were thought to be subject to and the product of the operation of these laws 2. They created a science to explain the relationship of geographical features and politics called Geopolitik ( German). A pioneer of this theory was Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1905) who said that the geographical features and natural conditions and especially those big spaces play a important role in states and individuals life, and the society depends in the territory they live and it is determined by natural laws. Also Friedrich Ratzel inspired the theory of the living space (Lebensraum) which is the territory supposedly that requires an state to obtain its survival and self-sufficiency. Thi s was the major political idea of Adolf Hitler during World War and an essential element of the Nazi ideology. It means to have extra space for the welfare and growth of the population and to achieve a superior country; this idea was basically a motivation for the expansionist policies of Germany. During the Mid-20th century, geographers like Rudolf Kjellà ©n, Sir Halford Mackinder and Karl Haushofer pointed out the influence of geographical factors on the relations of the power units in the international system. This classical theory had a significant impact on shaping policy from Imperial British strategy to U.S. Cold War strategy. An example of this classical theory was the term of heartland, introduced by Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) which explained some conflicts of the period: World War II and Cold war. Mackinders notion of geopolitics can be summed up in his saying: Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world 3 The World Island, in turn, is a single slab of land whose all corners can be reached with simple and reliable transport. The railroads and the combustion engine would allow very rapid and even more efficient transportation, that could now surpass the mobility of sea power, tipping the scales in favour of land power. The World Island also contains more population and more of the resources a modern (at the time) economy needs. 4 this world island was considered Eurasia, which include the continents of Europe and Asia. Therefore, Cold War was a conflict enough to present a real evidence of the heartland theory. At that time, Soviet Union was the one who was ruling the heartland, it controlled Eastern Europe and as a result was in a position of threat or influence around the whole world. Also in there were located the major oil resources, a key resources of that period to develop military power, and as I said before, the world island was reached with simple and reliable transport, but they need sufficient oil resources to develop an efficient transportation. As result British foreign policy and U:S:A foreign policy was toward this major potential threats. Therefore its main objective during this period was lo limit the expansion and influence of the Soviet Union. Finally, the end of communism, post-communist states started to develop its economy and created stables institutions. This region became one of the most powerful economies; some scholars began to analyze its political and economic results and considered that the geographical proximity to the West has exercised a positive influence on the transformation 5 of this powerful community. Geography was a tool in the EU decision-making process. Currently geography stills playing an important role on international relations. In the 21th century International Relations have facing other issues, making that some geographical factors lose their relevance. Topography, climate, and natural resources affect political outcomes during the first decades. During the 19th territory was a key element but with globalization territorys view has changed. Now, new theories have tried to give explanation, to subjects like the Iraq War, the emerging markets of China and India, the nuclear issues of Iran and No rth Korea, the different allegiance of regions: APEC, ASEAN, MERCOSUR, the conflict between Israel-Palestine, the oil reserves, Climatic Change, the water supplying among others. Geography shapes states attitudes and constraints political decisions. Currently Foreign Policy has been influence by geographical features like: human immigration, population growth, economy activities, food security, water and energy supply, environmental issues. My conclusion is that every nations geography affects its view of itself and it s view of the world. This essay tests that geography gives insights into the political dynamics. Geography is a permanent feature that has impact on human interactions. Each period of time has been influenced in different ways by geographical factors. We cannot exclude geography to understand internationals relations, modern geography is not longer only physical aspect it is also about human organization of the earth surface, and there is still more situations left that can explain the relationship of geography and international relations and its important role in this field.

Grandpa Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Grandpa My grandpa was one of the most caring and understanding men that I have ever known. He always found a way to make us happy, whether he was dressing- up as Santa Claus, on Christmas Eve, or building us tree houses. His death greatly affected both my grandma and I. The shock of my grandpa’s death totally devastated me. I found out that my grandpa died one night after my mom picked my brother and I up from day care. We went over to our grandma’s house on a weeknight, which was unusual, because we always spent time with our grandparents on the weekends. When we got to our grandma’s house we saw that our dad and our aunt were sitting in the living room with our grandma. This was very unusual, because our dad lives in Prescott, and our aunt works on the other side of Phoenix from where my grandma lives. All three of them looked very somber. I was still pretty young, so I did not realize what was happening, and I asked where our grandpa was. The second I finished my question, dad started sobbing, and said â€Å"Son, grandpa is dead.† He said my grandpa died of a massive heart-attack at about three o’clock that morning. He said there was nothing that the paramedics could have done. I could see there was a spot of bl ood on the floor right where my grandpa died and the paramedics had tried to revive him to no avail. The truth hit me like a freight train, and I began to cry. I did not stop crying until I fell asleep at about two o’ clock the next morning. I did not know what ...

Advertising and promotion strategy Essay

Since the inception of the company’s first outlet in Cleveland, Mississippi in the year 1987, Back Yard Burgers depended mostly on the word of mouth publicity to spread awareness and promote its home cooked burgers. New outlets that opened in the subsequent years expanded not only the company’s consumer base and revenue but also stressed the need for aggressive marketing strategy to sustain the increased cost of operations. Back Yard Burgers started advertising on the television in the year 1993. The initial advertising campaigns were titled â€Å"the great burger wars† that took a punch at the competitors. In June 1994 the company launched a series of campaigns that featured Dennis R. Phillipi, a popular comedian in Memphis who soon became famous as Dennis the â€Å"Back Yard Burgers Guy†. The commercials projected the burgers as bigger, tastier, and healthier than those offered by the competitors due to its grilled cooking method that melted most of the fat. The advertising campaigns were effective in increasing sales and raising the revenue by 10 to 15%. Launch of new products and subsequent commercials on the television featuring Dennis Phillipi was an effective strategy. The company used the audio of these commercials in radio advertising that was cheaper. In addition the company also used direct mail advertising. The company collects 1% of taxable sales from each franchisee and company-operated restaurants that goes to the national advertising fund. 50% of this fund is utilized for marketing promos through various channels like radio, television, and print media. The rest 50% is used for market research, new product testing, and development, improvising on the operational front. The company’s marketing director monitors product launch and new restaurant opening promotions and marketing managers with a well-trained staff. The management works in collaboration with the franchisees towards advertising and promotion of its restaurants. The advertising fee earned by the company increased from $314,000 in July 1, 2006 period to $318,000 in June 30, 2007 period. The $4000 increase over the earlier period is accounted to the 1% of sales that goes to the national advertising fund as per company policies. The company also recorded an increase in the advertising expense from $668,000 in the July 1, 2006 to $814,000 in June 30, 2007 that attributes to approximately 5% of the net restaurant sales on advertising in the past year. (see annexure for the comparative income statements). The company has been stressing on the advertising and promotion strategy but it has not been very effective. There are some important points that can be highlighted in this respect. †¢ The company has not been able to create brand loyalty and brand awareness in spite of good quality products and effective marketing strategy. This could be attributed to low brand visibility. This can be remedied with aggressive market campaigns that aim at the younger generation since this is the biggest consumer segment for the fast food industry. Strategies that aim for deeper market penetration, fun logo that people can relate to enjoyable food and moments are essential for brand positioning. â€Å"Fun logo† is a concept that the consumers can equate with good times. The simple logo of McDonald’s is easily identifiable and children and youngsters can spot it from a distance – this is one of the best examples of effective brand positioning. †¢ The other concept that the Back Yard Burgers can adopt is the use of bright color-coding for their outlets and the signboards. A bright color scheme attracts the younger generation and gives it an inviting look. The uniformity in look and feel of the franchisee restaurants and the other company-operated restaurant is essential to make an easily identifiable picture in the consumer minds. †¢ In running a successful brand promotion campaign the essential point is to identify the consumer segment. Who are the consumers and the target focus group for this chain of restaurants? The children and adolescents who form a major chunk of the consumer group typically favour the fast food industry. The working people segment is another segment that will stop by for fast and filling food in their office hours. Fast service food is ideal meal for this segment. Campaigns attracting these two segments will create brand awareness and spell higher revenues for the company. †¢ Last but not the least the quality of food and service efficiency is the crux of the fast food industry. A good and satisfying meal will have the consumers returning for more. The satisfied and happy customer will not only promote brand loyalty but will have high recommendations regarding the food and service to their friends and families. This is the greatest form of publicity that a fast food outlet can expect.

Catcher in the Rye Potrays American Dream essays

Catcher in the Rye Potrays American Dream essays A dream cannot exist without another person. The Catcher in the Rye illustrates the American dream by revealing the heartaches one must go through while growing up and finding their place in society. Holden Caulfield is amazed by peoples' "phoniness". He believes that no one is truly real and that the world has lost its innocents. The only creatures that still posses the innocence is a child. His world consists of childhood vs. adulthood. Childhood seems to be made of immaturity and pure innocents, while adulthood is where phonies arewhere the world starts to become evil. At the beginning of the book Holden criticizes everyone for the things they do. While doing this, he isolates himselfcreating his own level of self-protection. He never looks at himself to find the flaws in which he possesses. Like the child he still isquick to point fingers at others but never toward himself. He sees adulthood as a bad turn over in his life. Towards the middle of the novel, Holden Caulfield is approached with a question from his little sister, "What would you like to do when you grow up?" His response is, "Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they?re running and they don't look where they?re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That's all I?d do all day. I?d just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know it's crazy, but that's the only thing I?d really like to be.? Here is a very symbolic part of the book. Holden wants to save the world from loosing its innocents. He wants to save the children from falling off the cliff?into adulthood?into the phony world. Later on Holden realizes he cannot hold onto adolescence forever, but must become and adult. Here he faces the choice to be "phony" like the rest or simply be himsel ...

Heroin Addiction Essays

Heroin Addiction Essays Heroin Addiction Essay Heroin Addiction Essay Essay Topic: 8th Grade Harmonizing to The National Institute on Drug Abuse. diacetylmorphine is an illegal. extremely habit-forming drug. It is both the most abused and the most quickly moving of the opiates. Heroin is processed from morphia. a of course happening substance extracted from the seed cod of certain assortments of poppy workss. It is typically sold as a white or chocolate-brown pulverization or as the black gluey substance known on the streets as black pitch heroin . Although purer diacetylmorphine is going more common. most street diacetylmorphines iscut with other drugs or with substances such as sugar. amylum. powdered milk. or quinine. Street diacetylmorphines can besides be cut with strychnine or other toxicants. Because diacetylmorphine maltreaters do non cognize the existent strength of the drug or its true contents. they are at hazard of overdose or decease. Heroin besides poses particular jobs because of the transmittal of HIV and other diseases that can happen from sharing acerate leafs or other injection equipment. Harmonizing to the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. which may really undervalue illicit opiate ( diacetylmorphine ) usage. an estimated 3. 7 million people had used diacetylmorphine at some clip in their lives. and over 119. 000 of them reported utilizing it within the month predating the study. An estimated 314. 000 Americans used diacetylmorphine in the past twelvemonth. and the group that represented the highest figure of those users were 26 or older. The study reported that. from 1995 through 2002. the one-year figure of new diacetylmorphine users ranged from 121. 000 to 164. 000. During this period. most new users were age 18 or older ( on norm. 75 per centum ) and most were male. In 2003. 57. 4 per centum of past twelvemonth diacetylmorphine users were classified with dependance on or maltreatment of diacetylmorphine. and an estimated 281. 000 individuals received intervention for diacetylmorphine maltreatment. Harmonizing to the supervising the Future study. NIDA’s countrywide one-year study of drug maltreatment among the Nation’s 8th. 10th. and 12th graders. diacetylmorphine usage remained stable from 2003-2004. Lifetime diacetylmorphine usage measured 1. 6 per centum among the 8th graders and 1. 5 per centum among 10th- and 12th graders. The 2002 Drug Abuse Warning Network ( DAWN ) . which collects informations on drug related hospital exigency section ( ED ) episodes from 21 metropolitan countries. reported that in 2002. diacetylmorphine -related ED episodes numbered 93. 519. NIDA’s Community Epidemiology Work Group ( CEWG ) . which provides information about the nature and forms of drug usage in 21 countries. eported in its December 2003 publication that diacetylmorphine was mentioned as the primary drug of maltreatment for big parts of drug maltreatment intervention admittances in Baltimore. Boston. Detroit. Los Angeles. Newark. New York. and San Francisco. How is heroin used? Heroin is normally injected. sniffed/snorted. or smoked. Typically. a heroin maltreater may shoot up to four times a twenty-four hours. Intravenous injection provides the greatest strength and most rapid oncoming of euphory ( 7 to 8 seconds ) . while intramuscular injection produces a comparatively slow oncoming of euphory ( 5 to 8 proceedingss ) . When diacetylmorphine is sniffed or smoked. peak effects are normally felt within 10 to 15 proceedingss. NIDA research workers have confirmed that all signifiers of heroin disposal are habit-forming. Injection seems to be the prevailing method of diacetylmorphine usage among addicted users seeking intervention ; in many CEWG countries. diacetylmorphine injection is reportedly on the rise. while heroin inspiration is worsening. However. certain groups. such as White suburbanites in the Denver country. study smoke or inhaling diacetylmorphine because they believe that these paths of disposal are less likely to take to dependence. With the displacement in heroin maltreatment forms comes an even more diverse group of users. In recent old ages. the handiness of higher pureness diacetylmorphine ( which is more suited for inspiration ) and the lessenings in monetary values reported in many countries have increased the entreaty of diacetylmorphine for new users who are loath to shoot. Heroin has besides been looking in more flush communites ( omega ) . Harmonizing to the NDIA the immediate effects of diacetylmorphine ( the short term ) . shortly after injection ( or inspiration ) . diacetylmorphine crosses the blood-brain barrier. In the encephalon. diacetylmorphine is converted to norphine and binds quickly to opioid receptors. Abusers typically report a experiencing a rush of enjoyable sensation-a rush . The strength of the haste is a map oof how much drug is taken and how quickly the drug enters the encephalon and binds to the natural opioid receptors. Heroin is peculiarly habit-forming because it enters the encephalon so quickly. With diacetylmorphine. the haste is normally accompanied by a warm flushing of the tegument. dry oral cavity. and a heavy feeling in the appendages. which may be accompanied by sickness. emesis. and terrible itcing. After the initial effects. maltreaters normally will be drowsy for several hours. Mental map is clouded by heroin’s consequence on the nervous system. Cardiac map slows. Breathing is besides badly slowed. sometimes to the point of decease. Heroin overdose is a peculiar hazard on the street. where the sum and pureness of the drug can non be known. The long term effects of diacetylmorphine usage and the most damaging is addiction itself. Addiction is a chronic. get worsing disease. characterized by compulsive drug seeking and usage. and by neurochemical and molecular alterations in the encephalon. Heroin besides produces profound grades of tolerance and physical dependance. which are besides actuating factors for compulsive usage and maltreatment. As with maltreaters of any habit-forming drug. diacetylmorphine maltreaters bit by bit spend more and more clip and energy obtaining and utilizing the drug. Once they are addicted. the diacetylmorphine abuser’s primary intent in life becomes seeking and utilizing drugs. The drugs literally change their encephalons and their behaviour. Physical dependance develops with higher doses of the drug. With physical dependance. the organic structure adapts to the presence of the drug and backdown symptoms occur if usage is reduced suddenly. Withdrawal may happen within a few hours after the last clip the drug is taken. Symptoms of backdown include restlessness. musculus and bone hurting. insomnia. diarrhoea. purging. cold flashes with goose bumps ( cold Meleagris gallopavo ) . and leg motions. Major backdown symptoms peak between 24 and 48 hours after the last dosage of diacetylmorphine and subside after about a hebdomad. However. some people have shown persistant backdown marks for many months. Heroin backdown is neer fatal to otherwise healthy grownups. but it can do decease to the foetus of a pregnant nut. At some point during uninterrupted diacetylmorphine usage. a peson can go addicted to the drug. Sometimes addicted persons will digest many of the backdown symptoms to cut down their tolerance for the drug so that they can once more see the haste. Physical dependance and the outgrowth of backdown symptoms were one time believed to be the cardinal characteristics of heroin dependence. We now know this non to be the instance wholly. since craving and backsliding can happen hebdomads and months after backdown symptoms are long gone. We besides know that patients with chronic hurting who need opiates to map ( sometimes over drawn-out periods ) have few if any jobs go forthing opiates after their hurting is resolved by other agencies. This may be because the patient in hurting is merely seeking alleviation of hurting and non the haste sought by the nut. The Medical effects of chronic diacetylmorphine injection usage include scarred and/or collapsed venas. bacterial infections of the blood vass and bosom valves. abscesses ( furuncles ) and other soft –tissue infections. and liver or kidney disease. Lung complications ( including assorted types of pneumonia and TB ) may ensue from the hapless wellness status of the maltreater every bit good as from heroin’s dejecting effects on respiration. Many of the additives in street diacetylmorphine may include substances that do non ready dissolve and consequence in choke offing the blood vass that lead to the lungs. liver. kidneys. or encephalon. This can do infection or even decease of little spots of cells in critical variety meats. Immune reactions to these or other contaminations can do arthritis or rheumatologic jobs. Ofcourse. sharing of injection equipment or fluids can take to some of the most terrible effects of heroin abuse-infections with hepatitis B and C. HIV. and a host of other blood-borne viruses. which drug maltreaters can so go through on to their sexual spouses and kids.

Strategic Business Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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The Impact of Education and Political Equality Blacks Have Achieved Essay

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